Conversion Charts

Easy Conversions
Common Kitchen Equivalents
Oven Temperatures
Some Formulas
Capacity of Round Pans
Linear Measure Equivalents
Square Measure Equivalents
Cubic Measure Equivalents
Liquid or Fluid Measure Equivalents
Metric Equivalents for Liquid or Fluid Measure
Weight Equivalents
Paper Equivalents
Weight of Water Equivalents
Mesh Measure Equivalents
Metric Equivalent Units

Measuring Cups, Spoons, Scales
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Easy Conversions
Multiply By To Get
Millimeters x 0.0394 = Inches
Centimeters x 0.3937 = Inches
Inches x 25.4 = Millimeters
Inches x 2.54 = Centimeters
Feet x 30.48 = Centimeters
Meters x 3.281 = Feet
Square Inches x 6.45 = Square Centimeters
Square Centimeters x 155 = Square Inches
Square Meters x 10.76 = Square Feet
Cubic Centimeters x .0610 = Cubic Inches
Cubic Centimeters x 0.0011 = Quarts
Cubic Feet x 1728 = Cubic Inches
Cubic Feet x 28.32 = Liters
Cubic Inches x 0.004329 = Gallons
Drams x .0625 = Ounces
Drams x 1.7718 = Grams
Liters x 0.2642 = U.S. Gallons
Fluid Ounces x 29.57 = Milliliters
Fluid Ounces x .02957 = Liters
Milliliters x 0.03382 = Fluid Ounces
Gallons of Water x 8.35 = Pounds of Water
Pounds of Water x 27.65 = Cubic Inches
Gallons x 231 = Cubic Inches
Grams x 0.0353 = Ounces
Ounces x 28.35 = Grams
Pounds x .45359 = Kilograms
Kilograms x 2.2046 = Pounds
Grams x 15.43 = Grains
Watts x 0.001341 = Horsepower
Amps x Volts = Watts
Atmospheres x 14.7 = Lbs per square inch
Horsepower x .7457 = Kilowatts
British Thermal Units x 3.927 x 10-4 = Horsepower-hours
British Thermal Units x 2.928 x 10-4 = Kilowatt-hours
To get the value in the Left column, divide the Right column by the Middle column.

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Common Kitchen Equivalents
Standard Equivalent Equivalent
One pinch or dash 1/16 teaspoon
1 teaspoon 5 ml 1/6 ounce
1 tablespoon 3 teaspoons 1/2 ounce
1/4 cup 4 tablespoons 2 ounces
1/3 cup 5 tablespoon + 1 teaspoon 3 ounces
1/2 cup 8 tablespoons 4 ounces
1 gill 1/2 cup 4 ounces
1 cup 16 tablespoons 8 ounces
1 pint 2 cups 16 ounces
1 quart 4 cups 32 ounces
1 quart 2 pints 32 ounces
1 gallon 4 quarts 128 ounces
1 peck 8 quarts
1 bushel 4 pecks
1 pound dry measure 16 ounces
tsp = teaspoon
t = tablespoon
oz = ounce
c = cup
pt = pint
qt = quart
bu = bushel
lb = pound

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Oven Temperatures
225°F 110°C Gas Mark 1/4 Very slow / Very cool
250 120 Gas Mark 1/2 Very slow / Very cool
275 140 Gas Mark 1 Slow / Cool
300 150 Gas Mark 2 Slow / Cool
325 160 Gas Mark 3 Warm / Very Moderate
350 180 Gas Mark 4 Moderate
375 190 Gas Mark 5 Moderately hot / Fairly hot
400 200 Gas Mark 6 Moderately hot / Fairly hot
425 220 Gas Mark 7 Hot
450 230 Gas Mark 8 Very hot
475 240 Gas Mark 9 Very hot
– Temperature equivalents are not exact – only a guide. Consult your oven’s manual for its particular settings.
– Settings for convection ovens should be about 50°F (c. 25°C) less than the above.
– Remember to use an oven thermometer to check the actual temperature of your oven, as they do occasionally need to be re-calibrated.

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Some Formulas
Area of Square Side Squared
Area of Circle 3.1415927 x Radius Square
Area of Sphere 4 x 3.1415927 x Radius Squared
Area of Parallelogram Base x Height
Circumference of Circle 2 x 3.1415927 x Radius
Volume of Rectangular Box Length x Width x Height
Volume of Cone 1/3 x 3.1415927 x Radius Squared x Height
Volume of Cylinder 3.1415927 x Radius Squared x Height
Volume of Sphere 4 x 3.1415927 x Radius Cubed ÷ 3
Volume of Cube Side Cubed
a = area
c = circumference
v = volume
sq = square
cu = cubic
r = radius
d = diameter
l = length
w = width
h = height
s = side
Pi = 3.1415927 (approx)

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How to figure out the capacity of a round (cylindrical) container
Learn ahead of cooking or baking…
…How much batter to put in a cake pan, or
…How much liquid a non-marked sauce pan will hold, for example.
The formula is intended for straight-sided pans, however you can also get a good approximation of capacity from many other pans as well.First take these measurements:For the Radius: Measure across the inside of the pan, and divide by two.
(Multiply this figure by itself to get the Radius Squared for the formula.)
For the Height: Measure from the inside bottom up to the fill line.
(Measure up to the lip of the pan if you’re filling it to the brim.)3-part formula:(1) Pi x r² x h = volume (in cubic inches)
(2) volume / 231 = percentage of gallon
(3) percentage of gallon x 128 = capacity (in ounces)Therefore, using your calculator:(1) 3.1415927 times Radius Squared times Height = Volume
(2) Volume divided by 231 = Percentage of 1 Gallon
(3) Percentage of 1 Gallon times 128 = Capacity in Liquid OuncesReference:Pi = 3.1415927
231 = Cubic Inches in a Gallon of Liquid
128 = Ounces in a gallonr = Radius = one half the Diameter
r² = Radius Squared = Radius x Radius
h = Height
x = times
/ = divided by

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Linear Measure Equivalents
1 micron 0.001 mm
1 in 2.54 cm
1 hand 4 in 1/3 ft
1 span 9 in
1 ft 12 in 30.48 cm 0.3 m
1 yd 3 ft
1 m 3.28 ft 39.37 in
1 fathom 6 ft
1 rod, pole or perch 16.5 ft 5.5 yd
1 furlong 660 ft 220 yd 40 poles
1 km 0.62 mi
1 mi 5,280 ft 1,760 yd 8 furlongs
1 mi 320 rods 1.61 km
1 league 3 mi
in = inch
ft = foot
yd = yard
mi = mile
cm = centimeter
m = meter
km = kilometer

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Square Measure Equivalents
144 square inches 1 square foot
9 square feet 1 square yard
30.25 square yards 1 square rod
160 square rods 1 acre
640 acres 1 square mile

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Cubic Measure Equivalents
1728 cubic inches 1 cubic foot
27 cubic feet 1 cubic yard

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Liquid (Fluid) Measure Equivalents
0.125 oz 1 fl dram 60 minims
1 oz 8 fl drams
4 oz 1 gill
8 oz 1 c
16 oz 2 c 1 pt
32 oz 4 c 2 pt 1 qt
33.8 oz 4.23 c 2.1134 pt 1.0567 qt 0.264 gal 1 l
128 oz 16 c 8 pt 4 qt 1 gal 3.7853 l
4032 oz 1 bbl 3.94 pt 7.875 qt 31.5 gal
8064 oz 1 hhd 7.875 pt 15.75 qt 63 gal
fl = fluid
oz = ounce
c = cup
pt = pint
qt = quart
gal = gallon
bbl = barrel
hhd = hogshead
l = liter

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Metric Equivalents, Liquid or Fluid Measure
Or Dry Liquid
1 centiliter 0.6102 cubic inches 0.338 ounces
1 deciliter 10 centiliters 6.102 cubic inches .0845 gill
1 liter 10 deciliters 0.908 quart 1.0567 quarts
1 decaliter 10 liters 9.08 quarts 2.64 gallons
cl = centiliter
dl = deciliter
l = liter
dal = decaliter
cu in = cubic inch
oz = ounce
qt = quart
gal = gallon

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Weight Equivalents
Avoirdupois
16 drams 437.5 grains 1 ounce 28.35 grams
16 ounces 7000 grains 1 pound 453.59 grams
1 pound 0.45 kilograms
1 kilogram 2.2 pounds
100 pounds 1 central 1 hundredweight
2000 pounds 1 short ton
2204.6 pounds 1 metric ton 1000 kilograms
2240 pounds 1 long ton or gross ton
Also (in Great Britain)
14 pounds 1 stone
2 stones 1 quarter
4 quarters 112 pounds 1 hundredweight
20 hundredweight 1 long ton
Troy (Precious Metals)
24 grains 1 pennyweight
20 pennyweights 480 grains 1 ounce
12 ounces 5760 grains 1 pound
Apothecaries’ Weight
20 grains 1scruple
3 scruples 1 dram
8 drams 1 ounce
12 ounces 5760 grains 1 pound

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Paper
24 sheets 1 quire
20 quires 1 short ream 480 sheets
500 sheets 1 ream
10 reams 1 bale

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Weight of Water
1 cubic inch .0360 pound
1 cubic foot 62.3 pounds
1 cubic foot 7.48052 U.S. gallons
1 Imperial gallon 10.0 pounds
1 U.S. gallon 8.33 pounds

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Mesh Equivalents
U.S. MESH INCHES MICRONS MILLIMETERS
3 0.2650 6730 6.730
4 0.1870 4760 4.760
5 0.1570 4000 4.000
6 0.1320 3360 3.360
7 0.1110 2830 2.830
8 0.0937 2380 2.380
10 0.0787 2000 2.000
12 0.0661 1680 1.680
14 0.0555 1410 1.410
16 0.0469 1190 1.190
18 0.0394 1000 1.000
20 0.0331 841 0.841
25 0.0280 707 0.707
30 0.0232 595 0.595
35 0.0197 500 0.500
40 0.0165 400 0.400
45 0.0138 354 0.354
50 0.0117 297 0.297
60 0.0098 250 0.250
70 0.0083 210 0.210
80 0.0070 177 0.177
100 0.0059 149 0.149
120 0.0049 125 0.125
140 0.0041 105 0.105
170 0.0035 88 0.088
200 0.0029 74 0.074
230 0.0024 63 0.063
270 0.0021 53 0.053
325 0.0017 44 0.044
400 0.0015 37 0.037
625 0.0008 20 0.020
1250 0.0004 10 0.010
2500 0.0002 5 0.005

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Metric Linear Measure
1 centimeter 10 millimeters
1 decimeter 10 centimeters 100 millimeters
1 meter 10 decimeters 100 centimeters 1000 millimeters
1 decameter 10 meters 100 decimeters 1000 centimeters
1 hectometer 10 decameters 100 meters 1000 decimeters
1 kilometer 10 hectometers 100 decameters 1000 meters
mm = millimeter
cm = centimeter
dm = decimeter
m = meter
km = kilometer

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Metric Square Measure
1 sq. cm. 100 sq. mm.
1 sq. dm. 100 sq. cm. 10,000 sq. mm.
1 sq. m. 100 sq. dm. 10,000 sq. cm. 1,000,000 sq. mm.

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Metric Cubic Measure
1 cu. cm. 1,000 cu. mm.
1 cu. dm. 1,000 cu. cm.
1 cu. m. 1,000 cu. dm.

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Metric Liquid Measure
1 centiliter 10 milliliters
1 deciliter 10 centiliters
1 liter 10 deciliters
1 decaliter 10 liters
1 hectoliter 10 decaliters
1 kiloliter 10 hectoliters

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Metric Weights
1 centigram 10 milligrams
1 decigram 10 centigrams 100 milligrams
1 gram 10 decigrams 100 centigrams 1000 milligrams
1 decagram 10 grams
1 hectogram 10 decagrams 100 grams
1 kilogram 10 hectograms 100 decagrams 1000 grams
1 quintal 100 kilograms
1 ton 10 quintals 1000 kilograms
mg = milligram
cg = centigram
dg = decigram
g = gram
kg = kilogram

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